Protein is a compound of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and
nitrogen. It is polymer of amino acids. Amino acids generally found in form of Zwitter
Ion.
Amino acid (AA) - R
– CH– NH2
|
COOH
Amino acids are mainly divided in 2 types –
1. Essential amino acids – it’s not synthesized in
our body, so it is important to take them with our edible foods. Total 20 type
amino acids are found in our body – 2 semi-essential, 8 essential and 10
non-essential amino acids.
e.g. – Histidine, Arginine, Tryptophan, Threonine, Valine,
Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Isoleucine, Leucine.
2. Non-essential amino acids – it is synthesized in
our body, so it is not important to take them with our food.
e.g. – Alanine, Asparagine, Aspartic acid, Glutamine,
Glutamic acid, Glycine, Cysteine, Proline, Serine Tyrosine.
*Some
important points –
1. Histidine and Arginine are semi essential amino acids.
2. Cysteine and Methionine are Sulphur having amino acids.
3. Tryptophan is most complex amino acid.
4. Glycine is simplest amino acid.
5. In proteins structure order of amino acids is very
specific, this specific order decides the nature of protein.
6. Universal test of Protein – Biurete test
Configuration of Protein –
1. Primary – It is the simplest protein. Newly made
proteins show this configuration. In this configuration proteins are linear and
only contain peptide bond.
2. Secondary – In this configuration proteins are
spiral. And it contains hydrogen bond with peptide bonds.
3. Tertiary – In this position proteins are
globular. And it contains hydrogen, disulphide, polar, ionic and wander-wall
bond altogether peptide bond.
4. Quadrant – It is
the most complex protein, which made-up of compounding of tertiary
configuration proteins. E.g. – LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase), Insulin,
Hemoglobin.
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