Enzyme

Ω Word ‘Enzyme’ given by – Kuhne.

Ω Buchner found first enzyme ‘Zymase’ in yeast cell.

 Ω Sumner crystallized ‘Urease’ enzyme.

Ω Northrop & Sumner told about enzyme’s protein nature.

Ω T. Cech & Altman discovered enzyme’s of non-protein nature.

Definition –

Enzymes are bio-catalysts made of protein, which increases rate of bio-chemical reactions by decreasing activation energy.

Specific features of enzymes –

Ω All enzymes are protein, but all proteins are not enzymes. Exception – Ribozymes & Ribonuclease (these are enzymes of RNA nature)

Ω All enzymes are globular proteins of tertiary configuration. Exception – Isoenzymes have quadrant configuration.

Ω It decreases the activation energy of reactant.

Ω Enzymes are polymer of amino acids, which have been synthesized by ribosome.

Ω It has high molecular weight.

Ω It is very sensible for pH and most enzymes work on neutral pH. Exception – Hydrolases (pH = 5), Pepsin (pH = 1-2), Rubisco, PEPcase, Trypsin (pH = 8.5)

Ω Optimum temperature for enzymes is 20°C - 38°C.

Ω Enzymes are specific for their reactant.

Structure of Enzymes – 

Co-enzyme – such organic molecules, which bonds loose with apoenzyme.

e.g. – NAD, FAD, ATP, ADP, Vitamin etc.

Co-factor – such inorganic or metallic molecules, which bonds loose with apoenzyme.

e.g. – Mg⁺², Fe⁺², Zn⁺², Mo⁺²

Prosthetic group – such organic or inorganic molecules, which  bonds rigid with apoenzyme.

e.g. – Haem (Peroxidase and catalase )

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