Lipid/वसा

Lipid molecule forms by C, H & O, but it has more O (oxygen) than carbohydrates. It is also called triglyceride because it is generated by a glycerol and three fatty acids. Lipid provides 9kcal. Energy per gram. It is important part of protoplasm’s organic component.

Fatty acids are generally two types –

1.Saturated fatty acid – it has single bond only. And it forms saturated lipid. Almost all animal fats are saturated fats.

Examples – Palmitic acid, Stearic acid.

2.Unsaturated fatty acid – it has double or triple bond. It forms unsaturated fats. Almost plant fats are unsaturated fats.

Examples – Oleic acid, Linoleic acid, Arachidonic acid.

Unsaturated fatty acids are generally two types –

MUFA – Mono Unsaturated Fatty Acid

PUFA – Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid

Unsaturated fats are better than saturated fats, and PUFA is better than MUFA, because by its use is not harmful for heart.

Compound Lipids –

I.Phosolipid – 2 fatty acids + 1 glycerol + 1 H₃PO₄ +1 N₂ compound

II. Glycolipid – 2 fatty acids + Sphingosine + galactose

Derivative Lipids –

I. Steroids – it has cyclopentano per hydro phenenthrene nucleus

II. Chromo lipids – it is a polymer of Isoprene.

Examples – Vitamin – A, D, E, K

*Some important tests –

Test for lipids – Sudan IV test

Test for carbohydrates – Benedict test

Test for Proteins – Biuret test