M.Sc. Zoology Final Year Practical File VMOU

 File Contents-

1. Vipera (Pitless viper)

2. Bungarus (Krait)

3. Eryx ( Rat snake)

4. Phrynosoma

5. Chelone

6. Hemidactylus

7. Alligator

8. Notopterus

9. Exocoetus

10. Labeo

11. Sphyrna

12. Chimaera

13. Clarius

14. Lepidosiren

15. Synaptura

16. Ambystoma

17. Axolotal larva

18. Hyla (Tree frog)

19. Siren (Mud eel)

20. Necturus (Mud puppy)

21. Salpa

22. Doliolum

23. Herdmania

24. Pristis

25. Acipenser

26. Amia

27. Protopterus

28. Echeneis

29. Hippocampus

30. Anguilla

31. Pavo christatus

32. Archaeopteryx 

33. Struthio (Ostrich)

34. Ornithorhynchus (Duck billed platypus)

35. Echidna

36. Macropus (Kangaroo)

37. Pteropus (Bat)

38. Procavia (Hyrax)

39. Chick embryo 18 hours

40. Chick embryo 24 hours

41. Chick embryo 33 hours

42. Chick embryo 48 hours

43. Chick embryo 72 hours

44. Amphioxus T.S. passing through testes

45. Amphioxus T.S. passing through ovary

46. Amphioxus T.S. passing through caudal region

47. T.S. passing through liver (Mammal)

48. T.S. passing through pancreas (Mammal)

49. T.S. passing through adrenal gland (Mammal)

50. V.L.S. passing through anterior lobe of pituitary gland

51. V.S. of skin of a mammal

52. L.S. passing through kidney of a mammal

53. T.S. passing through Testis of a mammal

54. T.S. passing through lung of a mammal

55. T.S. passing through spinal cord of a mammal

56. Cycloid scales (Whole mount)

57. Placoid scales (Whole mount)

58. Blood smear (Mammal)

59. Identification of Gram +ve & -ve bacteria

60. Pectoral girdle of Frog/Varanus/Fowl/Rabbit

61. Humerus of Frog/Varanus/Fowl/Rabbit

62. Radius-Ulna of Frog/Varanus/Fowl/Rabbit

63. Forelimb bones of of Frog/Varanus/Fowl/Rabbit

64. Pelvic girdle of Frog/Varanus/Fowl/Rabbit

65. Femur of Frog/Varanus/Fowl/Rabbit

66. Tibia-Fibula of Frog/Varanus/Fowl/Rabbit

67. Hindlimb bones of Frog/Varanus/Fowl/Rabbit

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PHYLUM	CLASS	SUB CLASS	ORDER	GENUS	HABIT & HABITAT	CHARACTERS
CHORDATA	Thaliacea		Salpida	Salpa	Marine	^Dimorphic ^Solitary phase is asexual Oozoid ^Gregaria phase is sexual gonozooidor blastozooid ^Oozoid have test, while Blastozooid with no test
			Doliolida	Doliolum	Marine	^Oozoid is a colonical asexual greagaria phase ^Barrel shaped ^Movement by jet propulation ^Mantle contains 9 muscle bands
	Ascidiacea		Ascidiaesimplices	Herdmania	Marine	^Segmented and solitary animal ^Attached to substratum by foot ^Vascular system open ^Nervous system - Single ganglion
	PISCES	Chondrichthyes	Pleurotremata	Sphyrna	Marine, adapted for deep sea	^Commonly called Hammer-headed shark ^Body division- head, trunk & tail ^Gill slits 5 pairs ^Spiracles absent
			Holocephalii	Chiamera	Marine, found at coastal regions	^Commonly known as Rat-fish, Monster fish, Elephant Fish and Queen of herrings ^Exoskeleton is absent in adults ^Median and paired fins present ^Skin is smooth without scales, placoid scales present in certain areas
			Hypotremata	Pristis	Marine	^Commonly known as Saw-fish ^Exoskeleton is made up of placoid scales ^Median & paired fins are present and pectoral fins are small ^Males have paied claspers
		Osteichthyes	Clupeiformes	Notopterus	Lakes & Fresh water	*Commonly called Cat-fish *Large & Oblique mouth *Short dorsal fin, anal fin elongated *bear scaly gill cover
			Beloniformes	Exocoetus	Marine, feeds on prawns and young fishes	*Commonly called Flying-fish *Pectoral fin is wing like *Fins are used for gliding out of water *Eyes are large
			Cyperiniformes	Labeo	Fresh water fish	*Commonly known as Rohu or Indian carp *Exoskeleton of large cycloid scales *Median & Paired fins have bony fin rays *Body fusiform
			Ostariophysi	Clarius	fresh water fish, Scavangers	^Commonly known as Cat-fish or Magur ^Spikeless dorsal fin from operculum to caudal fin ^Scaleless and naked skin ^Lateral line distinct
			Dipnoi	Lepidosiren	Amazon & Paraguay basins	^Commonly known as South American lung fish ^Body elongated & eel-like ^Gill slits are 4 in number ^Caudal fin and anal fin are continuous
				Protopterus	Freshwater fish, Western Africa	^Dental plates in place of teeth ^Paired pectoral and pelvic fins ^Respiration by lungs ^Live without water
			Acipenseriformes	Acipenser	Lives in sea, but comes to the rivers of North America, North Asia & Europe for breeding	^Commonly called Sturgeon ^Exoskeleton is in the form of dermal rings ^Gill slits covered by operculum ^Median & Paired fins are made of dermal fin rays
			Echeiniformes	Echeneis	Marine, found in tropical and sub-tropical seas	^Commonly known as Sucker-fish ^Lower jaw is large ^It shows commensalism ^Body covered with small scales
			Syngnathiformes	Hippocampus	Marine fish, found in tropical and temperate seas	^Commonly known as Sea-horse ^Body covered with large shield-like bony scales ^Exoskeleton in form of dermal rings ^Pelvic fins are absent
			Amiiformes	Amia	Freshwater fish, North America	^Commonly called Bow-fish ^Body scales appers cycloid scales, head bears ganoid scales ^Dorsal fin is continuous long fin ^Tail is homocercal
			Anguilliformes	Anguilla	rivers, lakes and ponds of Europe and America, India	^Commonly known as European Eel ^Body is snake like ^Pectoral fin is reduced ^Airbladder is closed
		Osteichthyes Sub-class= Actinopterygii	Pleuronectiformes	Synapterua	Mostly found in salt and brackish water	^Elongate, broad body anteriorly ^Ctenoid scales on eyed side, Cycloid scales on blind side ^Mouth curved ^Dorsal and anal fins joined to caudal fin
	AMPHIBIA		Urodela	Ambystoma	Terresterial, found in North America and Central Mexico	^Commonly known as Tiger salamander ^Smooth moist skin ^Trunk has 12 intercoastal grooves ^Nictiating membrane present ^limbs with 4 or 5 digits
				Axolotal larva of Ambystoma	Completely aquatic	^3 pairs of external gills ^4 pairs of open gill clefts ^Jaws are toothed ^well developed fore & hind limb
				Siren	found in burrows, muddy ditches and ponds in North America	^Commonly known as Mud-eel ^permanently neotenous form ^skin is moist & smooth ^Gill slits are of one pair
			Anura	Hyla	found on trees	^Commonly known as tree frog ^Skin is moist ^Head is triangular ^tympanic membrane behind the eyes
			Proteidae	Necturus	Nocturnal, North American fresh water amphibian	^commonly known as Mud-puppy ^Hind & forelimbs are weak and have 4 digits ^Eyes small ^permanent neotenic larval stage
	REPTILIA		Squamata	Vipera	Found in rocky and bushy regions	^Commonly called Dobia ^Body covered with keeled scales ^Body is thick, followed by narrow neck ^Colour is brownish
				Bungarus	Found under logs and stones, Noctornal	^Commonly known as Krait ^Body scales are smooth ^Head is not differentiated from neck ^Arrangement of scales on head is used for identification of Kraits
				Eryx	Found in sandy regions	^Commonly known as Sand boa (Dumuhi) or Rat-snake ^skin covered with small smooth scales ^Head scales are primitive and 3 scales enlarged ^Tail is head like
				Phrynosoma	Terrestrial lizard	^Commonly known as Horned toad ^Body flat, broad and spiny ^Under surface is covered with keeled scales ^Tail is short and covered with spiny scales
			Chelonia	Chelone	Found in the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic oceans and coasts of the United States	^Commonly known as Green turtle ^Body case is rigid ^Head covered by single pair of prefrontal shields ^Tail is very short
			Crocodilia	Alligator	Inhabits shallow water and on slight disturbance buries in sand	^Body covered with thick leathery skin containing scutes ^Ear opening protected by a flap of skin ^Nasal bones divide nasal aperture ^Tail long
	AVES		Galliformes	Pavo	Found in forests & various areas of India	^Commonly known as Pea-fowl or Peacock ^Head bears short neck & crest of feathers on top ^Legs are strong ^Live in group
			Archaeornithes	Archaeopteryx	-	^Oldest known fossil bird ^Connecting link between Reptiles and Birds ^Jaws processed small equal-sized pointed thecodont teeth ^Epidermal scales over body and limbs
			Struthioniformes	Struthio	Flightless bird, native to Africa	^Commonly known as Ostrich ^Their eyes are said to be the largest of any land vertebrate ^Neck is nearly bare ^Largest living species of bird
	MAMMALIA		Monotremata	Ornithorhynchus	found in Australia and Tasmania	^Commonly known as Duck-billed platypus ^Body covered with short fur ^Connecting link between Reptilia and Mammalia ^Adults are without teeth & have a Duck-bill ^Ear openings are without external pinnae
				Echidna	found in Australia and Tasmania	^Commonly known as Spiny anteater ^Neck and Body indistinct ^External ear absent ^Limbs are short and have 3-5 digits
			Marsupialia	Macropus	Found in Australia & New Zealand	^Commonly Called as Kangaroo ^Head small but ears are large ^Hindlimbs digits 4 while forelimbs digits 5 ^Tail is long & powerful
			Chiroptera	Pteropus	Found in South-Eastern Asia, feeds on fruits	^Commonly known as Fruit-bat ^Forelimbs are modified into wings ^Head is fox-like with snout ^Hindlimbs and tail also included in patagium ^Tail small
			Hyracoidea	Procavia	Highly sociable animals	^Commonly known as Rock Hyrax or Dassie ^Possesses moist and rubber-like foot soles, allowing it to easily grasp objects ^Coat is dense ^The iris projects from the pupil of the eye, acting as a built-in sun visor due to limiting the flow of light to the eye from above